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On the Ruin of Britain

St Gildas, tr. Williams, 1899

28. Constantius of Damnonia

Denunciation of the Five Princes

Of this so execrable a wickedness Constantine, the tyrannical whelp1 of the unclean lioness of Damnonia2, is not ignorant. In this year, after a dreadful form of oath, by which he bound himself that he would use no deceit against his subjects, making his oath first to God, and secondly to the choirs of saints and those who follow them, in reliance upon the mother (the church), he nevertheless, in the garb of a holy abbot3, cruelly tore the tender sides of two royal children, while in the bosoms of two revered mothers —viz., the church and the mother after the flesh—together with their two guardians4. And their arms, stretched forth, in no way to armour, which no man was in the habit of using more bravely than they at this time, but towards God and His altar, will hang in the day of judgment at thy gates, Oh Christ, as revered trophies of their patience and faith. He did this among the holy altars, as I said, with accursed sword and spear instead of teeth, so that the cloaks, red as if with clotted blood, touched the place of the heavenly sacrifice.

This deed he committed, after no meritorious acts worthy of praise; for, many years previously he was overcome by frequent successive deeds of adultery, having put away his legitimate wife, contrary to the prohibition of Christ and the Teacher of the gentiles, who say: What God hath joined let man not separate, and: Husbands love your wives. For he planted, of the bitter vine of Sodom in the soil of his heart, unfruitful for good seed, a shoot of unbelief and unwisdom, which, watered by public and domestic impieties as if by poisonous showers, and springing forth more quickly to the displeasure of God, brought forth the guilt of murder and sacrilege. But as one not yet free from the nets of prior sins he heaps new crimes upon old ones.

Notes

  1. See grex catulorum = the Saxons (c. 23); catule leonine, of Caninus (c. 30); vultus catulorum leonis (c. 33).
  2. Damnonia in the sixth century would correspond roughly to the present county of Devon. Aldhelm, between 675 and 705, addresses his letter of admonition to “Geruntius King and the priests (i.e.. bishops) of Damnonia.” A poem addressed to Aldhelm about the same date reads—
    “quando profectus fueram
    Usque diram Domnoniam per carentem Cornubiam.”
    Cornubia (Cornwall) seems to have been a separate kingdom.
  3. Amphibalo: a cloak or outer garment worn by clerics and monks. Ussher, vi, 59. Cf. Birrum suum quem Graeci amfibalum vocant deponere voluit refrigerandi gratia. Vincentius de Deicola, disciple of Columbanus. Adamnan’s Vita Col., i, 3; ii, 6. Sulp. Sev., Dial., ii, 1: intra amphibalum sibi tunicam latenter eduxit. Also Greg. Turon., De Gloria Confess., 59. It is probable that the original form was amphimallum, which, according to a Scholiast of Juvenal, was the ancient name for the mantle worn by flamens and persons of distinction.
  4. Nutritorum: ut nutricius paedagogus, rector pueri. Greg. Turon., Hist. Fr., viii, 22: Wandelinus nutritor Childeberti regis obiit, sed in locum eius nullus est subrogatus, eo quod regina mater curam velit propriam habere de filio. Du Cange.

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